If your periods are irregular, you have stubborn acne, or hair growth in places you don’t want it, PCOS could be the reason. PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) shows up in different ways for different people. Some notice missed periods and weight gain. Others struggle with fertility or mood swings. The good news: many of the worst symptoms respond to simple tests and practical steps.
Your doctor will look for a pattern, not just one symptom. Expect a short medical history and a few tests: a pelvic ultrasound to check ovarian appearance, blood tests for hormones (like testosterone), and metabolic checks such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, and a lipid panel. These tests help confirm PCOS and find related issues like insulin resistance. Tracking your periods and symptoms for a few months before the visit makes the picture clearer.
Start with lifestyle changes that target insulin resistance. Small, consistent steps beat drastic diets. Aim for regular moderate exercise—30 minutes most days—and focus on whole foods: lean protein, vegetables, whole grains, and low-glycemic carbs. Losing even 5% of body weight can improve cycles and mood.
For many, medication adds extra help. Combined birth control pills often regulate cycles and reduce acne. Metformin can improve insulin sensitivity and help with weight and menstrual regularity. If excess hair or acne is a main concern, anti-androgens like spironolactone can be effective; these require medical supervision. If you’re trying to get pregnant, fertility treatments such as letrozole or clomiphene are commonly used and often recommended before moving to more invasive options.
Don’t forget skincare and hair options. Topical treatments, dermatology visits, and safe hair removal methods make a big difference in day-to-day confidence. Mental health matters too—PCOS can cause anxiety and low mood. A counselor or support group can help you cope with the emotional side.
Regular monitoring is key. Get your blood sugar and cholesterol checked at least yearly. If you start medications, plan follow-up visits to track side effects and progress. Keep a simple log of your cycle, weight, moods, and symptoms—this helps your provider tailor care.
When to see a doctor right away? If you have sudden heavy bleeding, severe pelvic pain, shortness of breath after starting a new medication, or if you’re unable to get pregnant after a year of trying (or six months if you’re over 35), book an appointment.
PCOS isn’t one-size-fits-all. A mix of lifestyle steps, the right tests, and targeted treatments usually gets symptoms under control and reduces long-term risks like type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Talk openly with your healthcare team, ask questions, and focus on small wins that add up over time.
